PERSON
According to Orem, it is the subject of nursing care who is susceptible to various forces in nature. A total being with universal needs, developmental needs, and has the ability to provide self-care for oneself continuously (requisites). An entity that possesses biological, symbolic, and social functions, and has capacity to learn and develop over time.
She also defines humans as distinctive among living things as they have the ability to reflect on themselves and their surroundings, comprise what they observed, and employ metaphorical creations in their understanding, expressing, and organizing efforts to build things that benefit themselves as well as others.
NURSING
It refers to the actions chosen and carried out on purpose by nurses to assist persons or groups under their care in maintaining or improving circumstances in their own self and their surroundings. Orem further described nursing as an art, service and a technology.
Nursing is an art, and each nurse has the cognitive capabilities for innovation, information analysis, and integration, which together contribute to the development of nursing systems that may assist individuals or groups of people.
Nursing as a human service is distinguished from others by its emphasis on people who are unable to receive continuous necessary health care.
Nursing as a technology has codified procedures or techniques of practice, well specified means of executing particular procedures in order to accomplish the desirable outcome. Nursing techniques must be learnt, and nursing professionals must gain competence and expertise in their use.
ENVIRONMENT
Orem viewed an environment as a setting in which an individual exists. Whereas an environment and a person are two concepts in our consciousness, it takes sophistication to think of them as a single entity. She also stated that it comprises both physical and biological characteristics. And there are several environmental characteristics and she divided them into four categories: physical, chemical, biological, and social. In both approaches, the environment is the key notion, but it also covers the family, culture, and community. Moreover, she also said that the idea of environment in a theory is wide and connected to elements that influence people's capacities for self-care and their needs for it.
HEALTH
Orem defined Human health as the capacity to consider oneself, to symbolize, to feel, and to interact with others. It includes both the health of people and of groups. A person's structural and functional soundness and completeness, which encompasses the promotion and maintenance of health as well as the diagnosis, treatment, and avoidance of difficulties. She further said that an individual's physical, psychological, interpersonal, and social elements of health are intertwined.
SELF-CARE
Self-care is the act or practice of initiating and carrying out activities on one's own behalf in order to maintain one's life, health, and well-being.
SELF-CARE AGENCY
Dorothea defined it as the ability to complex meet one's ongoing needs for care that regulates life processes, upholds and fosters the integrity of human structure and functioning, fosters human development, and promotes wellbeing.
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| Figure 1: Orem’s Self-Care Theory: Interrelationship among concepts. © Nurseslabs |
BASIC CONDITIONING FACTORS
Basic Conditioning Factors are consist of Age, Gender, Health State, Development State, Sociocultural orientation, Health Care System, Family System, Patterns of living, Environment and Resources.
THERAPEUTIC SELF-CARE DEMAND
The totality of nursing activities necessary to meet an individual's known self-care needs at a specific point in time or over a specific period of time.
SELF-CARE DEFICIT
Self-care Deficit are the inability to perform certain daily functions related to health and well-being, such as changing clothes and bathing. Subsistence deficits can result from physical or mental disabilities including recovery from surgery, depression, and age-related movement disorders.
NURSING AGENCY
Nursing Agency is a complex property or attribute of nurses that enables them to act, know, and assist others in meeting their therapeutic self-care demands by exercising or developing their own self-care agency.
NURSING SYSTEM
All nursing action systems are created (planned and produced) by nurses for genuine nursing beneficiaries by using their nursing agency. (For example, providing instruction on using medications and treating wounds)
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